2016 – Page 10 – FinTech and Blockchain Law Watch

Digital currency and GST

May 09 2016

The application of consumption tax to digital currencies varies between countries. The UK and countries in the EU have made Bitcoin exempt from such taxes, while other countries such as Japan, Singapore, Canada and Australia treat digital currencies as intangible property which is subject to the tax.

In Australia, this has resulted in consumers paying Goods and Services Tax (GST) when they exchange money for digital currencies and again when they use the digital currency to make a purchase. Treasury has released a discussion paper on the application of GST on digital currencies. While the proposals are very different technically, they both result in removing the double taxation.

FinTech start-ups to play in the FCA Sandbox

May 05 2016

By Jonathan Lawrence

The UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) recently released its 2016 Business Plan. Possibly the most eye-catching initiative is the regulatory sandbox. The sandbox has been formed to provide a safe environment for businesses to test their products. For new entrants to the financial services market, the intention is that unauthorised businesses can use the sandbox to test products, services, business models and delivery without first needing to meet all of the normal regulatory requirements and incurring the costs of putting in place the complex structures and processes to successfully apply for regulatory authorisation. These firms will be granted limited authorisation for testing purposes. The FCA has suggested a number of safety measures for consumers ranging from informed consent through to the businesses in the sandbox providing a meaningful indemnity for losses. Furthermore, the FCA will apply discretion in determining both the level of limited authorisation and the safety measures on a case-by-case basis rather than forcing a one-size-fits-all model.

Firms and businesses interested in utilising the sandbox must satisfy specified criteria and apply for the first cohort between 9 May and 8 July 2016. The second cohort will have an application deadline of mid-January 2017. The sandbox will not be available for activities which fall outside of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000. For example, payment service providers and e-money issuers already potentially benefit from the lighter touch regimes in the Payment Services Regulations and the Electronic Money Regulations. Accessing the sandbox is not straightforward, and businesses will need to give careful consideration as to whether they might qualify. The success of the sandbox is in part dependent on the quality of applicant. If businesses do their bit and if the FCA continues the trend of assisting disruptors where it can then the sandbox could fulfil the initial optimism around the initiative.

FinTech: a key to delivering Islamic Finance solutions?

May 04 2016

By Jessica Gaddes

Recent discussions at the Islamic Finance News Europe Forum, Luxembourg, focused on the potential for FinTech to become a new frontier for Islamic Finance. Digitalisation was said to be the key innovation that may be able to drive increasing adoption of Islamic Finance products.

Developments using FinTech in Malaysia have created a platform – using the foundations of crowd funding – to allow the top Malay Islamic banks to assess and rate projects and then use the platform to seek funding for those projects assessed to be suitable for financing. This works within the Shariah principles of risk sharing.

The Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance: research results and new survey

May 04 2016

By Jonathan Lawrence

The Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance (“CCAF”) within the Cambridge University Judge Business School is an international interdisciplinary academic research institute dedicated to the study of alternative finance. The CCAF aims to have high impact on academic thought leadership, policy decision-making and business practice globally.

To carry out its research agenda, the CCAF aims to continue developing and hosting the largest and most comprehensive database on alternative finance in the world, for use and analysis by academic and policy researchers. The CCAF database comprises more than one million granular-level alternative finance transactional data totalling £1bn.

The CCAF has recently launched its 2nd Annual European Alternative Finance Industry Survey. The resulting study will build upon the previous European Alternative Finance Industry Report, Moving Mainstream. The University of Cambridge has also led a global benchmarking initiative, culminating in the publication of their third annual UK Alternative Finance Industry Report: Pushing Boundaries, and the publication of two additional new annual reports on the Asia-Pacific region and the Americas.

Focusing on crowdfunding, peer-to-peer lending and other forms of alternative finance, this new tracking Survey aims to gather aggregate-level industrial data only. The survey consists of 15 questions and should take no more than 15 minutes to complete. Findings from the tracking survey will provide headline industrial figures for the CCAF’s Annual European Alternative Finance Industry Report, which is due to be published in June 2016. To take part in the Survey, please click here.

Latest UK Government announcements on FinTech

May 04 2016

By Jonathan Lawrence

On 11 April 2016, the UK Government Economic Secretary, Harriett Baldwin, spoke about FinTech at Innovate Finance’s Global Summit. She talked about the UK as the global capital for FinTech and how the UK FinTech sector generated £6.6 billion (US$9.5 billion) revenue in 2015 with a workforce of over 60,000 employees. She made several announcements about UK FinTech initiatives:

The creation of an industry-led FinTech panel, working with key representatives of the FinTech community. The panel will oversee the overarching strategy for FinTech in the UK and ensure the delivery of key initiatives. A particular goal is the implementation of an open banking standard – to allow innovators to use bank data to provide a range of value-added services to consumers.
The Tech Nation Visa Scheme was enhanced in October 2015 to include new qualifying criteria for digital experts. This will allow for a wider range of FinTech specialists to obtain a visa to work in the UK.
The building of an information hub that makes it easier for FinTechs to navigate through the range of service providers including in relation to legal and accountancy services.
The UK Treasury will work with UK Trade and Investment (“UKTI”) to establish “FinTech bridges” with priority export markets. UKTI is a Government department working with businesses based in the UK to assist their success in international markets, and with overseas investors looking to the UK as an investment destination. These “bridges” will help UK FinTech firms expand internationally, as well as attracting international FinTech companies and investors to the UK.

For the text of the full speech, please click here.

SEC provides U.S. crowdfunding guidance to investors

May 03 2016

By C. Todd Gibson, Michael McGrath, Ken Juster

The SEC recently issued guidance to potential investors in crowdfunding offerings in the form of a Q&A posted on the SEC website, which can be found here. This guidance, which is intended to educate investors regarding the rules governing crowdfunding in the U.S., was issued in anticipation of the pending effectiveness of new Regulation Crowdfunding on May 16, 2016. K&L Gates has prepared a detailed summary of Regulation Crowdfunding and the exemption from broker-dealer registration available to intermediaries known as “funding portals,” which can be found here.

Intermediaries were first able to submit forms to register as a funding portal with the SEC and FINRA beginning on January 29, 2016. A list of approved funding portals is expected to be available on FINRA’s public website in the near future.

Asia Region Funds Passport memorandum signed

May 02 2016

By Jim Bulling and Michelle Chasser

After 6 years of international negotiation, Australia has signed the Asia Region Funds Passport’s Memorandum of Cooperation with Japan, South Korea and New Zealand. Other countries which have been involved in the negotiations but are yet to sign include Singapore, Thailand and the Philippines.

The Passport facilitates the cross border offering of eligible collective investment schemes in participating countries. Australian Minister for Small Business and Assistant Treasurer, Kelly O’Dwyer, said “The Passport will create a single market for managed funds encompassing economies across the region”.

FinTech businesses which utilise managed funds, such as marketplace lenders and some robo-advisers, and are regulated in a participating country may be able to use the Passport to offer managed funds in other participating countries without needing to go through local licensing and registration processes.

The Memorandum of Cooperation comes into effect on 30 June 2016 and can be found here.

UK Government opens consultation on draft innovation plan for financial services

Apr 29 2016

By Jonathan Lawrence

According to the UK Treasury’s recently released draft innovation plan for financial services, the Financial Conduct Authority (“FCA”) “intends to broaden engagement with large incumbent institutions”. “To facilitate increased dialogue the FCA plans to proactively engage with large incumbents to ensure their potential for consumer-friendly innovation is not being held back by regulatory considerations,” the Treasury said. “In particular, it will seek out opportunities to pilot research on new initiatives.” The regulator is recognising that innovation does not just happen within the start-up environment and that it is within its power to support a broader appetite among the traditional players in the market to use the latest technology to innovate, whether on their own or in collaboration with others.

In March 2016 the FCA and Australia’s Securities and Investments Commission (“ASIC”) signed a deal to make it easier for financial technology firms based in each country to win authorisations to operate in the other country. The Treasury said the FCA can help “put UK-based innovators in touch with the right regulators when they look to start doing business in other regulatory jurisdictions” and is “ready to help non-UK innovators interested in entering the UK market”. The FCA wants to put more “co-operation agreements” in place “with key regulators”, the Treasury said.

New “PropTech” business models in the UK commercial real estate market

Apr 29 2016

By Matthew Gibbon and Lucy Haworth

A round table discussion held by the Centre for the Study of Financial Innovation in London on 26 April 2016 featured presentations from new online marketplace platforms offering opportunities in the UK commercial real estate (“CRE”) sector:

Landbay, a peer-to-peer lending service for portfolio landlords of residential buy-to-let mortgages;
LendInvest, a provider of CRE bridging loans, funded by a combination of institutional investors and an online marketplace platform; and
Proplend, a peer-to-peer lending platform offering a CRE syndicated loan model for retail investors.

The consensus of the panel was that these platforms were providing a means by which retail investors could directly invest in an asset class previously unavailable to them, leading to increased access to indirect ownership and investment in the UK property market – accessing real estate by means of financial instruments. In addition, technology is increasingly being used to streamline pricing and the administrative process; investors lending through Proplend, for example, sign up to standardised terms and conditions designed to reduce the administrative burden and speed up the lending process.

New European virtual currency trade body

Apr 26 2016

By Jonathan Lawrence

A new trade body designed to aid regulatory understanding of virtual currencies has been launched in response to increased government interest in Europe.

The Brussels-based European Digital Currency & Blockchain Technology Forum (EDCAB) is a public policy platform for digital currencies and distributed ledger technologies. It also co-organised an industry expo for policymakers in the European Parliament from 18 to 21 April 2016.

Virtual currencies have rapidly risen up the European policy agenda in all the major institutions:

The Council of the European Union put virtual currencies at the top of a list of targeted areas for rapid progress at its February 2016 meeting, and has called for legislation to be tabled by the end of June 2016.
The European Parliament is preparing its own initiative report on virtual currencies, with the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs scheduled to vote on the report on 25 April 2016. Additionally, the Committee for Internal Market and Consumer Protection is also considering the issue later in April.
The European Commission has been considering regulation of virtual currencies through its Action Plan and proposals to combat terrorist financing, with legislation ready for the end of June 2016.

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