Blockchain & Smart Contracts – Page 8 – FinTech and Blockchain Law Watch

France moves forward with Blockchain for certain securities exchanges

Oct 09 2017

By Claude-Étienne Armingaud and Emilie Oberlis

Following the adoption of Act no.2016-1691, dated 9 December 2016, on Transparency, Anti-Corruption, and Modernization of Economic Life (“Sapin II” – see our compliance coverage here) and the publication of its responses to a public consultation request on 30 August 2017 (see our coverage here), the French Ministry of Finance published a draft document aimed at adapting the French legal framework to the use of blockchain technology.

The draft (which may be accessed in French here) addresses the possibility for companies, to register the following instruments with a “shared electronic registry”:

Negotiable debt securities;
Units or shares of undertakings for collective investment;
Capital securities issued by corporations and debt securities other than negotiable debt securities, provided that they are not traded on a trading platform.

Gibraltar issues statement on initial coin offerings

Oct 03 2017

By Jonathan Lawrence

The Gibraltar Financial Services Commission (GFSC) issued a statement on initial coin offerings on 22 September. The GFSC has noticed the increasing use of tokens or coins based on Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) as a means of raising finance, especially by early-stage start-ups. The sale of such tokens is often conducted using terms such as initial coin offering (ICO), token sale, initial token offering and the like.

A new regulatory framework for DLT will become operational in Gibraltar as from January 2018 and will regulate the activities of firms, operating in or from Gibraltar, that use DLT to store or transmit value belonging to others, such as virtual currency exchanges. Gibraltar is considering a complementary regulatory framework covering the promotion and sale of tokens, aligned with the DLT framework. In common with regulators around the world, the GFSC says that is continuing to monitor the use of unregulated tokens as a means of raising finance.

Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission statement on initial coin offerings

Sep 11 2017

By Jonathan Lawrence

The Hong Kong Securities and Futures Commission (SFC) issued a statement about initial coin offerings (ICOs) on 5 September. The SFC noted an increase in the use of ICOs to raise funds in Hong Kong and elsewhere. The SFC said that, depending on the facts and circumstances of an ICO, digital tokens that are offered or sold may be “securities” as defined in the Hong Kong Securities and Futures Ordinance (SFO), and therefore subject to the securities laws of Hong Kong. ICOs typically involve the issuance of digital tokens, created and disseminated using distributed ledger or blockchain technology.

Securities over the Blockchain expected to get legal framework in France this fall

Sep 08 2017

By Claude-Étienne Armingaud & Sidney Lichtenstein

The French Act no.2016-1691 dated 9 December 2016 on Transparency, Anti-Corruption and Modernization of Economic Life empowered the Government to amend the regulatory framework to facilitate the transmission of certain financial securities through blockchain technology.

In order to prepare such executive order, the Ministry of Finance initiated last Spring a public consultation, whose key trends were made public on 30 August 2017.

Hong Kong and South Korea on ICOs

Sep 07 2017

By Rizwan Qayyum and Robert Crea

Hong Kong’s Securities and Futures Commission released a statement discussing whether existing regulations could be applicable to ICOs. This is a move likely precipitated by China’s ban on ICOs announced earlier this week.

The Executive Director of Intermediaries at the SFC, Julia Leung, warned that purchasers and those involved in an ICO need to be “that some ICO structures may be subject to Hong Kong securities laws.”

South Korean regulators have also taken a step towards tightening ICO regulation. South Korea’s digital currency task force group, comprised of the country’s central bank, and the Financial Services Commission (amongst other bodies) held a meeting on 3 September 2017, in which they discussed ICOs. It was noted that authorities will punish ICO fundraising platforms for violating the Capital Market Act by raising funds through stock issuance using digital currencies.

Monetary Authority of Singapore on Initial Coin Offerings

Aug 29 2017

By Judith Rinearson and Rizwan Qayyum

On August 10, 2017, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) and the Commercial Affairs Department (CAD) jointly published a Consumer Advisory document which urged consumers to exercise due diligence before investing in digital tokens, with particular emphasis on the emergence of Initial Coin Offerings (ICOs). In Singapore, several ICOs have taken place in the past year and this has resulted in organisations raising millions of dollars in a few days since their launch.

An ICO is a crowdfunding method, facilitated by blockchain, through which a project or venture, usually a start-up organisation, raises funding by creating and selling its own digital asset, currency or token in exchange for digital currencies or assets of immediate value such as a Bitcoin. The practice is thus far unregulated and enables a new brand of alternative finance. An ICO campaign ‘runs’ for a defined period during which investors are able to support the project, with the aspiration that this digital asset becomes successful and their investment reaps profit.

Bitcoin thieves abound, but Law Enforcement is getting smart and stepping up

Aug 06 2017

By Clifford Histed and Nicole Mueller

According to a federal criminal complaint filed last month in Philadelphia, Theodore Price admitted that he had written software capable of stealing millions of dollars in bitcoins from individual bitcoin wallets. He allegedly admitted to purchasing the software on a dark net market and recoding it to infiltrate e-mail accounts with bitcoin wallets. Price also allegedly admitted that he had a fake passport in the name of the actor Jeremy Renner, and that Price had prepared to flee the U.S. on a private jet to evade arrest. Price is now in federal custody, charged with access device fraud and identity theft.

U.S. SEC issues report on digital currencies and related autonomous organizations

Jul 31 2017

By C. Todd Gibson and Evan Glover

On July 25th the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) released a report to put the market on notice that offers and sales of digital assets are subject to the requirements of the federal securities laws.

The report is a result of an investigation of a German created entity called The DAO (Decentralized Autonomous Organization), which is a virtual organization that exists within computer code and is executed on a blockchain or decentralized ledger. The DAO sold DAO Tokens, which had characteristics similar to stock (e.g. certain ownership and voting rights), with the intent to raise funds to finance various projects. The DAO Tokens were purchased using a digital currency and could be monetized by re-selling the token on a web-based platform that supported a secondary market. The DAO engaged in these offers and sales in the U.S. despite not registering with the SEC.

More banks join SWIFT blockchain Proof of Concept

Jul 13 2017

By Jonathan Lawrence

22 additional global banks have joined SWIFT’s blockchain proof of concept (PoC), designed to validate whether the technology can help banks reconcile their international nostro accounts in real time. A nostro account is an account that a bank holds in a foreign currency in another bank. These banks will test and validate the PoC’s blockchain application, currently under development by SWIFT and a group of six founding banks that launched the PoC in April 2017. Working independently of the founding banks, the 22 institutions will act as a validation group to further test the application and evaluate how the technology scales and performs.

Pilot program to use blockchain to trade electricity

Jun 28 2017

By Jim Bulling and Michelle Chasser

AGL is currently undertaking a trial to test whether blockchain technology can assist in creating a mechanism for users to trade surplus electricity generated from rooftop solar panels. This trial will use customer data generated from a previous AGL project involving the use in households of smart air conditioners, batteries and solar panels to simulate peer-to-peer trading, demonstrating what trades would have taken place and the value they would have generated.

It is possible that ‘smart contracts’ could automatically sell excess energy in real time to other users when excess energy from solar panels is generated. The use of blockchain in this way could help individual households to trade their own energy more efficiently, making renewable energy more affordable and better integrated with power grids. This is a relatively novel application of blockchain technology, which is the distributed ledger technology underpinning the digital currency Bitcoin.

Category:Blockchain & Smart Contracts