FCA – Page 2 – FinTech and Blockchain Law Watch

Regulating the UK “Wild West” of Crypto-Assets

Sep 24 2018

On 19 September, the UK House of Commons Treasury Committee published a highly critical report of the state of UK crypto-asset regulation. Crypto-assets themselves (i.e. those designed primarily as a means of payment / exchange) are not within the scope of UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) regulation. This is because crypto-assets generally will not meet the criteria to be considered a specified investment under the Regulated Activities Order (RAO), nor would they typically qualify as ‘funds’ or ‘e-money’ in the Payments Services Directive and the E-Money Regulation 2009.

New “Global Sandbox” Announced

Aug 07 2018

By Jonathan Lawrence

Twelve financial regulators and related organisations, including the UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), announced on 7 August the creation of the Global Financial Innovation Network (GFIN), building on the FCA’s proposal earlier this year to create a ‘global sandbox’. A list of GFIN members is here. The network will seek to provide a more efficient way for innovative FinTech firms to interact with regulators. It will also create a new framework for co-operation between financial services regulators on innovation related topics.

P2P lending: UK rule changes

Jul 31 2018

By Jonathan Lawrence

The UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) has issued its recommendations for changes to P2P lending regulations for loan-based crowdfunding platforms. Based on the FCA’s findings it invites responses to rule changes for loan-based firms which cover proposals to:

ensure investors receive clear and accurate information about a potential investment and understand the risks involved;
ensure investors are adequately remunerated for the risk they are taking;
provide transparent and robust systems for assessing the risk, value and price of loans, and fair/transparent charges to investors; and
promote good governance and orderly business practices.

New FCA “Dear ICO” Letter warns of financial crime associated with cryptocurrencies

Jun 14 2018

By Judith E. Rinearson and Rizwan Qayyum

On June 11 2018, the Financial Conduct Authority (the “FCA”) issued a “Dear CEO” letter, which provided guidance for banks on how to handle the growing risks associated with “cryptoassets”.

The FCA defines “cryptoassets,” using Bitcoin and Ether as an example, as “any publicly available electronic medium of exchange that features a distributed ledger and a decentralised system for exchanging value.” While acknowledging that there are “many non-criminal motives” for using cryptoassets, the letter asserts that these products can be abused because they offer “potential anonymity and the ability to move money between countries.”

UK FCA Lead on Global Sandbox

Mar 20 2018

By Jonathan Lawrence

In a speech to Innovate Finance 2018 on 19 March, Christopher Woolard, Executive Director of Strategy and Competition at the UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) talked about the demand from FinTech firms to operate internationally and the FCA working with partners from around the world to consider options for a global sandbox. He said that the potential of such a project is huge – from solving global problems like money laundering to reducing the regulatory burden of compliance. Currently there is no joint sandbox programme with other regulators for firms to participate in. Such a project represents new territory.

FinTech in the Fight Against Money Laundering

Dec 22 2017

By Jonathan Lawrence

Rob Gruppetta, Head of the Financial Crime Department at the UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), recently gave a speech at the FinTech Innovation in Anti-Money Laundering (AML) and Digital ID regional event, London about “Using artificial intelligence to keep criminal funds out of the financial system”. He considered whether machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) techniques could help. Better transaction monitoring is not the only way AI can aid the fight against money laundering. The Financial Stability Board (FSB) published a report on 1 November about the impact of AI that identified other ways it can help. Examples include AI-driven anti-impersonation checks that evaluate whether photos in different identity documents match, and using machine learning to identify customers that may pose a higher risk and so warrant, say, a deeper probe into the sources of their wealth.

Bitcoin Remarks by UK FCA Head

Dec 20 2017

By Jonathan Lawrence

Andrew Bailey, the Chief Executive of the UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), recently gave an interview to the BBC in connection with bitcoin. In remarks on 14 December, Mr Bailey said that he currently sees no systemic risk in bitcoin and is not pushing the UK government to make the cryptocurrency part of the FCA’s regulatory remit. He emphasised that investors should be prepared to lose everything if they buy bitcoin, however as long as people understood the risks of what he termed “a very volatile commodity”, he would not press the UK government to legislate that the FCA regulate it. He said “I don’t think bitcoin is prevalent enough at the moment to be a systemic threat in the way we experienced during the financial crisis other threats; it needs watching carefully but I don’t think we’re there yet… If I thought there was evidence of people saying: ‘You know what I’m going to put my pension into? bitcoin!’ I’d be very concerned, but we don’t see that at the moment.”.

UK FCA Announces Next Sandbox Cohort

Dec 07 2017

By Jonathan Lawrence

On 5 December, the UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) announced the firms that were successful in their applications to begin testing in the third cohort of the FCA’s regulatory sandbox. The sandbox allows firms to test innovative products, services or business models in a live market environment. The sandbox was a first for regulators worldwide. Since it opened, the sandbox has supported almost 70 firms in testing innovative products and services. The FCA is seeing more applicants from outside London and a broader range of firms. The FCA has also opened the application window for its fourth sandbox cohort.

FCA’s New Consumer Consultation

Nov 13 2017

By Jonathan Lawrence

The UK Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) has launched a new consultation entitled Our Future Approach to Consumers. In the accompanying paper, the FCA recognises that FinTech is bringing new firms into the market and developing far more efficient ways for consumers to save, borrow and invest. The FCA must strike a balance between promoting better outcomes for consumers while not compromising on consumer protection or the standards expected from firms. The FCA also need to set frameworks that ensure markets work well. An example is the New Bank Start-up Unit, run jointly by the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) and the FCA. This Unit provides new banks with the information and materials they need to navigate the process of becoming a bank, and tailored supervisory resource during the early years post-authorisation. Since its launch in January 2016, the Unit has helped ten applicants gain authorisation with a range of products, from mobile-only and technology-driven to a new clearing bank, and many new banks have been authorised.

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